Diversity of Essential Oils and the Respective Hydrolates Obtained from Three Pinus cembra Populations in the Austrian Alps

Pinus cembra, stone pine, is an Alpine coniferous tree rich in aromatic compounds. Twigs with needles are used commonly to produce essential oils for various purposes pharmacy, food industry, and cosmetics. Hydrolates as byproducts of hydrodistillation encounter increasing interest owing their properties. The variabilities the compositions oil related hydrolates studied samples from individual trees growing on three sites Austrian high mountain range. have been obtained by steam distillation. All contained monoterpene hydrocarbons main compounds, especially ?-pinene (36–37%), ?-phellandrene (27–30%), ?-pinene (7–9%). In contrast, volatiles corresponding were dominated oxidized compounds ?-terpineol (28–34%), terpinen-4-ol (6–8%), verbenone (6–7%). pinene might be pharmacy containing other species, while cosmetics well-being promoting products.